Beta cloth is a type of fireproof silica fiber cloth used in the manufacture of space suit A space suit is a complex system of garments, equipment and environmental systems designed to keep a person alive and comfortable in the harsh environment of outer space. This applies to extra-vehicular activity outside spacecraft orbiting Earth, and has applied to walking, and riding the Lunar Rover, on the Moon, Thermal Micrometeoroid Garments An Thermal Micrometeoroid Garment (TMG or ITMG) is the outer layer of a space suit. The TMG has three functions: to insulate the suit occupant and prevent heat loss, to shield the occupant from harmful solar radiation, and to protect the astronaut from micrometeoroids and other orbital debris, which could puncture the suit and depressurize it and in other specialized applications.

Beta cloth consists of fine woven silica The chemical compound silicon dioxide, also known as silica , is an oxide of silicon with a chemical formula of Si fiber, similar to fiberglass Fiberglass, , is material made from extremely fine fibers of glass. It is used as a reinforcing agent for many polymer products; the resulting composite material, properly known as fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) or glass-reinforced plastic (GRP), is called "fiberglass" in popular usage. Glassmakers throughout history have experimented. The resulting product will not burn, and will melt only at temperatures exceeding 650 °C. To reduce its tendency to crease or tear when manipulated, the fibers may be coated with Teflon In chemistry, polytetrafluoroethylene is a synthetic fluoropolymer of tetrafluoroethylene that finds numerous applications. PTFE is most well known by the DuPont brand name Teflon.

Beta cloth was developed by a team led by Frederick S. Dawn working with the Dow-Corning Company. It was implemented in NASA space suits shortly after the deadly Apollo 1 Apollo 1 was planned to be the first manned mission of the Apollo manned lunar landing program to launch in February 1967. Its flight was precluded by a fatal fire on January 27, which killed all three crew members (Command Pilot Virgil "Gus" Grissom, Senior Pilot Edward H. White, and Pilot Roger B. Chaffee), and destroyed the Command launchpad fire; the astronauts' nylon suits melted and fused together in the fire. The fire resistant Beta cloth was among the changes made to make the Apollo spacecraft and systems safer in the case of a similar situation.

Fabric A textile is a flexible material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibres often referred to as thread or yarn. Yarn is produced by spinning raw wool fibres, linen, cotton, or other material on a spinning wheel to produce long strands. Textiles are formed by weaving, knitting, crocheting, knotting, or pressing fibres together
Woven A woven is a cloth formed by weaving. It only stretches in the bias directions , unless the threads are elastic. Woven cloth usually frays at the edges, unless measures are taken to counter this, such as the use of pinking shears or hemming. Most cloth in use is woven. Woven material is generally used for hats like Top hats and caps. There are two: Aertex The company owns the trademark for Aertex fabric, a lightweight and loosely woven cotton material that is used to make shirts and underwear. Established in 1888, Aertex sells a range of menswear both from its online store at www.aertex.com as well as in various stores throughout the United Kingdom · Airdura Airdura is a synthetic fabric used for motorcycle clothing with summer or warmer riding conditions. The cloth is light and claimed to be "breathable". It is likely to be a play on the name of DuPont's cordura · Airguard Airguard is a fabric made of polyamide hollow fibres. Air pockets of the fibres provide heat insulation. The polyamide material ensures a degree of abrasion-proofness and tear-resistance. The fabric is used for motorcycle clothing but is definitely unsuitable as a safe outer material.[citation needed] · Barathea Barathea, sometimes spelled barrathea, is a soft fabric, with a hopsack twill weave giving a surface that is lightly pebbled or ribbed. The yarns used cover various combinations of wool, silk and cotton. Worsted barathea is often used for evening coats, such as dress coats and dinner jackets, in black and midnight blue. Silk barathea, either all · Barkcloth Barkcloth is a versatile material that was once common in Asia, Africa, Indonesia, and the Pacific. Barkcloth comes primarily from trees of the Moraceae family, including Broussonetia papyrifera, Artocarpus altilis, and Ficus. It is made by beating sodden strips of the fibrous inner bark of these trees into sheets, which are then finished into a · Batiste Batiste is the softest of the lightweight opaque fabrics. It is made of cotton, wool, polyester, or a blend. Lightweight opaque fabrics are very thin and light but not as transparent as sheer fabrics. The distinction between the two is not always pronounced. End uses include apparel and furnishings. Organdy , lawn, and batiste begin as the same · Bedford cord Bedford cord, named after the town of Bedford in England, is a heavy fabric with a lengthwise ribbed weave that resembles corduroy. Trousers made with Beford cord are sometimes called "Bedford cords" · Bengaline silk Bengaline silk is a woven material which became fashionable for women and children to wear in the 1880s and 1890s. It offered the impression of genuine silk but was actually made with lesser amounts of silk than cotton. Lizzie Borden stated at her December 1892 inquest that she was wearing a dress made of bengaline silk on the morning she was · Beta cloth · Bombazine Bombazine, or bombasine, is a fabric originally made of silk or silk and wool, and now also made of cotton and wool or of wool alone. Quality bombazine is made with a silk warp and a worsted weft. It is twilled or corded and used for dress-material. Black bombazine was once used largely for mourning wear, but the material had gone out of fashion · Broadcloth Broadcloth is a dense woollen cloth. Modern broadcloth can be composed of cotton, silk, or polyester, but traditionally broadcloth was made solely of wool. The dense weave lends sturdiness to the material · Buckram Buckram is a stiff cloth, made of cotton, and still occasionally linen, which is used to cover and protect books. Buckram can also be used to stiffen clothes. Modern buckrams have been stiffened by soaking in a substance, usually now pyroxylin, to fill the gaps between the fibres · Bunting Bunting was originally a lightweight worsted wool fabric used for making flags of the Royal Navy. The origin of the word is uncertain · Burlap Hessian (or burlap in the U.S.) is a coarse woven fabric usually made from jute or other vegetable fibres. Gunny cloth is similar · C change The material contains a membrane layer which is set to a predetermined temperature range. Once the climate inside the garment warms , the polymer membrane structure opens up to allow water vapour to escape through the membrane. As the temperature falls, the membrane closes to its original structure, preserving body heat. This can be regarded as an · Calico Calico has different meanings according to which country the word is used in. Originally calico was a plain-woven textile which originated in the city of Kozhikode, Kerala, India, which was known by Europeans as Calicut, in the 11th century. The fabric was made by the traditional weavers called chaliyans · Cambric Cambric or chambray is a lightweight plain weave cotton cloth used as fabric for lace and needlework. Cambric, also known as batiste in a large part of the world, was first used in Cambrai, France, as early as 1595. It is possibly named after Baptiste of Cambrai. It is a closely woven, firm fabric with a slight glossy surface produced by · Canvas Canvas is an extremely heavy-duty plain-woven fabric used for making sails, tents, marquees, backpacks, and other functions where sturdiness is required. It is also popularly used as a painting surface, typically stretched, and on fashion handbags and shoes · Chambray Cambric or chambray is a lightweight plain weave cotton cloth used as fabric for lace and needlework. Cambric, also known as batiste in a large part of the world, was first used in Cambrai, France, as early as 1595. It is possibly named after Baptiste of Cambrai. It is a closely woven, firm fabric with a slight glossy surface produced by · Capilene Capilene is the clothing company Patagonia's name for its polyester material with a hydrophilic surface finish. Capilene's core remains hydrophobic . It is used in thermal underwear and in stretch versions where it has been blended with Lycra. It has since then been added into most of their product line. Compared to cotton, the warmth it provides · Char cloth Char cloth is a swatch of fabric made from vegetable fiber (such as linen, cotton or jute) that has been converted via pyrolysis into a slow-burning fuel of low ignition temperature. It is easily manufactured at home for use as tinder when cooking or camping and historically usually provided the "tinder" in a tinderbox · Charmeuse Charmeuse is a lightweight fabric woven with a satin weave, where the warp threads cross over three or more of the backing threads. The front side of the fabric has a satin finish - lustrous and reflective - whereas the back has a dull finish. It can be made of silk, or a synthetic lookalike such as polyester. Silk charmeuse is more expensive and · Charvet A Charvet fabric is woven of silk or acetate in warp-faced rib weave, of a reversed reps type with a double ridge effect. It is characterized by a soft handle and shiny appearance. The bindings create a herringbone effect parallel to the warp, which make this weave suitable for creating faint diagonal stripe effects for ties, for which the fabric · Cheesecloth Cheesecloth is a loosewoven cotton cloth used in cheese making, such as to press cheese curds for poutine. Cheesecloth is also used in straining stocks and custards, bundling herbs, making tofu, and thickening yogurt · Chiffon Chiffon, from the French word for a cloth or rag, is a lightweight, balanced plain-woven sheer fabric woven of alternate S- and Z-twist crepe yarns. The twist in the crepe yarns puckers the fabric slightly in both directions after weaving, giving it some stretch and a slightly rough feel · Chino · Cloth of gold Cloth of gold is a fabric woven with a gold-wrapped or spun weft - referred to as "a spirally spun gold strip". In most cases, the core yarn is silk wrapped with a band or strip of high content gold filé. In rarer instances, fine linen and wool have been used as the core · Duck Cotton duck , also simply duck, sometimes duck cloth or duck canvas, commonly called "canvas" outside of the textile industry, is a heavy, plain woven cotton fabric. There is also linen duck, which is less often used · Coutil Coutil is woven cloth created specifically for making corsets. It is woven tightly to inhibit penetration of the corset's bones and resist stretching. Coutil has a high cotton content. Cotton has good dimensional stability, or a resistance to stretching, which makes it a good choice for such a stressed garment. Coutil may be made to be plain ( · Crape Crape is a silk, wool, or polyester fabric of a gauzy texture, having a peculiar crisp or crimpy appearance. (The word crape is also used as an Anglicized spelling of Crêpe (pancake). ) · Cretonne Some other serious sources mention that the cretonne was invented by Paul Creton, an inhabitant of Vimoutiers in the Pays d'Auge, Lower Normandy, France, a village very active in the textile industry in the past centuries · Dazzle Dazzle is a type of polyester fabric that is widely used in making clothes like basketball uniforms, football uniforms, rugby ball uniforms and even casual clothing because it absorbs moisture quickly. It is a lightweight fabric that easily allows the body to receive ventilation during workouts, playing sports and engaging in just about any · Denim Denim is a rugged cotton twill textile, in which the weft passes under two or more warp threads. This produces the familiar diagonal ribbing identifiable on the reverse of the fabric, which distinguishes denim from cotton duck. Denim has been in American usage since the late eighteenth century. The word comes from the name of a sturdy fabric · Dimity Dimity is a lightweight, sheer cotton fabric having at least two warp threads thrown into relief to form fine cords. It is a cloth commonly employed for bed upholstery and curtains, and usually white, though sometimes a pattern is printed on it in colors. It is stout in texture, and woven in raised patterns. Originally dimity was made of silk or · Dowlas Dowlas is the name given to a plain cloth, similar to sheeting, but usually coarser. It is made in several qualities, from line warp and weft to two warp and weft, and is used chiefly for aprons, pocketing, soldiers' gaiters, linings and overalls. The finer makes are sometimes made into shirts for workmen, and occasionally used for heavy pillow- · Drill Drill is stout durable cotton fabric with a strong bias in the weave. It can be used unbleached, although it is more often bleached, or dyed · Drugget Druggett or drugget is "a coarse woollen fabric felted or woven, self-coloured or printed one side". Jonathan Swift refers to being "in druggets drest, of thirteen pence a yard" · Foulard A foulard is a lightweight fabric, either twill or plain-woven, made of silk or a mix of silk and cotton. Foulards usually have a small printed design of various colors. Foulard can also refer to articles of clothing, such as scarves and neckties, made from this fabric · Flannel Flannel is a soft woven fabric, of various fineness. It usually doesn't have a nap, and instead gains its softness through the loosely spun yarn in its woven form. It is commonly used to make clothing, bed sheets, and sleepwear · Gabardine Gabardine is a tough, tightly woven fabric used to make suits, overcoats, trousers and other garments. The fibre used to make the fabric is traditionally worsted wool, but may also be cotton, synthetic, or mixed. The fabric is smooth on one side and has a diagonally ribbed surface on the other. Gabardine is a form of twill weave · Gauze Gauze is a thin, translucent fabric with a loose open weave · Ghalamkar Ghalamkar (also qalamkar, kalamkar) fabric is a type of hand-printed, patterned Iranian Fabric. The fabric is printed using patterned wooded stamps · Gingham Gingham is a medium-weight balanced plain-woven fabric made from dyed cotton or cotton-blend yarn · Grenadine Grenadine is a weave characterised by its light, open, gauze-like feel, and is produced on jacquard looms. Originally produced in Italy and worn as a black silk lace in France in the eighteenth century, it is now woven with silk for use in ties · Grenfell Cloth · Grosgrain · Habutai · Haircloth · Harris Tweed · Herringbone · Himroo · Hodden · Irish linen · Jamdani · Kerseymere · Khādī · Khaki · Khaki drill · Kente cloth · Lamé · Lawn · Linsey-woolsey · Loden · Lumalive · Mackinaw · Madapolam · Madras · Moleskin · Moquette · Muslin · Nainsook · Nankeen · Ninon · Oilskin · Organdy · Organza · Osnaburg · Ottoman · Oxford · Percale · Pongee · Poplin · Rakematiz · Rayadillo · Rep · Rinzu · Ripstop · Ripstop nylon · Russell cord · Saga Nishiki · Samite · Sateen · Satin · Saye · Scarlet · Seersucker · Serge · Scrim · Stuff · Taffeta · Toile · Tucuyo · Tweed · Twill · Ultrasuede · Ventile · Vinyl coated polyester · Viyella · Voile · Wigan · Whipcord · Windstopper · Zephyr · Zorbeez
Figured woven: Brocade · Camlet · Damask · Songket
Pile woven: Baize · Chenille · Corduroy · Crimplene · Fustian · Plush · Polar fleece · Terrycloth · Velours du Kasaï · Velvet · Velveteen · Zibeline
Nonwoven: Felt
Knitted: Boiled wool · Coolmax · Machine knitting · Milliskin · Jersey · Tricot · Velour
Netted: Bobbinet · Carbon fiber · Fishnet · Lace · Mesh · Needlerun Net · Ninon · Tulle
Technical: Ban-Lon · Darlexx · Gannex · Gore-Tex · Smartwool · Silnylon · Spandex · Stub-tex · SympaTex
Patterns: Argyle · Herringbone · Houndstooth · Paisley · Plaid · Tartan
Textile fibers: Acrylic · Alpaca · Angora · Cashmere · Coir · Cotton · Hemp · Jute · Kevlar · Linen · Mohair · Nylon · Microfiber · Olefin · Pashmina · Polyester · Piña · Ramie · Rayon · Sea silk · Silk · Sisal · Spandex · Spider silk · Wool
Finishing and printing: Batik · Beetling · Bògòlanfini · Calendering · Finishing · Fulling · Mercerization · Moire · Roller printing · Sanforization · Textile printing · Woodblock printing
Related: Dyeing · Fiber · History of textiles · History of silk · Knitting · Pandy · Synthetic fabric · Technical fabric · Terminology · Manufacturing · Preservation · Weaving · Yarn
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'Beta Cloth' Answers
Fish tank for a beta/Siamese fighter?
Q. i have a beta in a large bowl and he seems really friendly and active for a betta fish so i'm going to get him a tank just a 4ft one with lots of plants and stuff but i was just wondering how often i would need to clean it also how do i clean it cause its a big thing do i carry bowls of water over to it or something and get a cloth and clean the walls of the tank, i dunno?? and should i get something to test the temp of the water cause there sensitive or is that not necessary??(there's a heater is that for goldfish only?)
Asked by Isabella R - Thu Aug 13 21:52:12 2009 - - 2 Answers - 0 Comments

A. do you know how many gallons the tank is? or at least can you measure the length, width, and height? anyway, so clean it you'll need a gravel vacuum, something to transport water (I use a bucket to put the old water in and milk jugs to carry the clean water over). also an algae scrubber for the walls of the tank if you want. depending on how large the tank is and if you only plan to have the betta in it, you'll use the gravel vacuum to remove a percentage of water once a week and put new in. that's pretty much it. it's actually EASIER than a bowl! besides this, make sure the tank has a filter and a heater! good luck, feel free to email me if you need any help :)
Answered by Kylie Anne - Thu Aug 13 22:23:50 2009

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